Meteorology is the science concerned with the atmosphere and its associated phenomena, including weather and climate. Atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that shelters all life forms present on the Earth. It consists of five layers including exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. At a broad level, atmosphere can be divided into two parts, namely, lower atmosphere and upper atmosphere. Lower atmosphere consists of the troposphere and lower stratosphere, where most of the weather phenomena occur. The lower atmospheric meteorology studies weather, climate and other aspects of the atmosphere. The role of trace gases in stratosphere and their influence on the photochemistry of ozone, and the variations of winds in the thermosphere are studied under upper atmospheric meteorology. This book provides comprehensive insights into atmospheric science and meteorology. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find it full of crucial and unexplored concepts.