Charles A. Bishop, Ph.D., C.Eng., MIMMM is an expert in vacuum deposition of thin film coatings and associated processes with almost 30 years experience. He now runs his own consultancy business. Specializing in roll-to-roll processing of webs, films and foils, his expertise covers system design, process development and system control as well as troubleshooting. Other related expertise includes optical thin film modelling, radiation cure technology, and teaching/training of vacuum technology. Dr. Bishop is the author of over 50 technical papers and 5 patents. During his time in industry he worked for ICI as a senior research scientist in Surface Engineering within the New Science Group. His diverse ICI experience encompassed wide ranging applications including Nylons (fibre surface treatment by plasma), Polyesters, Explosives (vacuum deposited pyrotechnics), Imagedata (optical data storage) and Flex Products Inc (ITO, vacuum deposited pigments).