The first volume of its kind, this edited collection brings together classic texts in the history of psychoanalysis and developing theory to examine gender and envy. Bringing to light the ways in which our preoccupation with the Freudian concept of penis envy has both revealed and obscured fundamental psychological insights, the essays also form bridges across many disciplines and schools of psychological thought. From foundational works by Freud, Klein, and Horney to the current scholarship of Fast, Torok and Friedman, Gender and Envy brings together a library of critical thinking on the ongoing discussion of envy, gender and psychoanalysis.