Anabolic therapies have been found to be useful in the treatment of numerous diseases and conditions and their medical uses continue to expand. This work is a technical and comprehensive study of anabolic therapy, covering a wide range of diseases and conditions. Beginning with a description of anabolic agents and their historical medicinal use, the author provides a rationale for the use of anabolics in treating sarcopenia, CST-induced and postmenopausal osteoporosis, hormone replacement therapy in women, osteoporosis and andropause in men; the autoimmune diseases ALS, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, MS, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's Syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis; stroke treatment and rehabilitation, Type II diabetes in men, and AIDS. Also provided is rationale for the use of anabolic therapies in addition to cancer therapy in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, spinal cord injuries and other conditions with secondary hypogonadism, dementia, Alzheimer's, depression, and other CNS conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, major burns, wound healing, and the use of anabolic therapies in addition to TPN and nutrition in microgravity, prolonged immobilization, and space travel conditions, chronic anemias, and related conditions.