This guide covers all philosophers appearing in standard textbooks, from Thales (580 BC) to Augustine (400 AD). A brief introduction to each thinker or school summarizes their major themes and gives the nonspecialist some idea of the most important problems involved in studying that philosopher. Introductions are provided for each of Plato's dialogues and for various aspects of his thought and of Aristotle's views. The compilers include older books reprinted during this period, older articles included in anthologies, and bibliographies on each author, regardless of date of publication. Each of the more than 7,700 items is annotated. Cross-references and an index of terms are also included.