Sorption processes are natural processes present in our everyday life. Scientifically, sorption is a physical and chemical process by which one substance binds to another. Understanding sorption processes (adsorption and absorption) is the basis for process optimization in environmental engineering, industrial applications, and materials science. Each of these processes has a range of applications, from cleaning up pollutants to enabling industrial chemical reactions, making them an integral part of modern science and technology. This book presents new knowledge about adsorption and absorption, explores novel high-performance sorbents for various applications, and highlights new sorption technologies that can significantly contribute to the preservation of the environment and climate.