Ulcerative colitis represents an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder with an increasing incidence worldwide. The pathogenesis is considered multifactorial and is not yet fully understood. The disease impairs the quality of life of these patients due to intestinal symptoms and frequent association with extraintestinal manifestations. Despite advances in pharmacological approaches to the disease, only a part of the patients will respond to these novel treatments, many of them needing hospitalization and some of them even undergoing colectomy. This book aims to provide an overview of modern concepts related to the diagnostic assessment of ulcerative colitis and its pharmacological and surgical management. Through its updated scientific content and the valuable knowledge offered by authors with vast experience in this field, the book takes a step forward in understanding this complex disease, which may be extremely challenging for clinicians.