The synthesis and study of montmorillonite clays and their derivate materials are one of the widest fields of research in materials science and technology. Characterization followed by the application of many derived clay materials with different polymers and organic and biological molecules is one of the major features in clay science and technology. The main goal of this work is to contribute to the rationalization of some important results obtained in the clay science and technology area. The overall idea of the book is to provide the reader with a comprehensive and up-to-date, evidence-based overview of the current literature in clay science and technology.