This book consists of a collection of chapters dealing with glaciers before and immediately after the extreme climatic changes that occurred before and after the advent of a new Precession (23 ka) cycle that altered the angle of tilt of the Earth relative to the incoming insolation from the sun. This tilting of the Earth heralded a change from a benign interglacial climate to one that was much more violent. The book provides examples describing conditions near glaciers before and after the change. In addition, the book examines new methods of drilling and sampling ice and bedrock in and under ice sheets.