This book aims to provide the scientific community with a theoretical basis for carrying out bibliometrics and examples of its practical application. Its chapters are written by authors from different parts of the world, who bring diverse and in-depth contributions to the subject. It presents theories and tools for carrying out bibliometrics; methods for incorporating applied elements (patents, actions by companies and governments, etc.) into bibliometric studies to increase the degree of applicability of the projects; discussions on ethics and retractions related to scientific articles; and examples of the application of bibliometric techniques in four areas of knowledge.