Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Despite affecting many people annually, all over the world, leptospirosis remains frequently underdiagnosed and neglected. With a broad range of clinical presentations, leptospirosis is a true diagnostic challenge with far-reaching public health implications. This book dives into several dimensions of leptospirosis, offering a presentation of medical, veterinary, environmental and socioeconomic aspects of the disease. Different chapters explore acute and chronic manifestations of the disease, the epidemiology among human and animal populations and the role of environmental factors. Topics of the book also include the reservoirs of the disease, the effects of climate change and urbanization, gaps in diagnostics, and demand for surveillance systems. The book's authors highlight the need for the One Health approach to tackle all the challenges this disease poses. The book is intended for a broad audience, from professionals and researchers to students and anyone else who would like to know more about this disease.