Inégalité des races humaines (Inequality of Human Races) is an essay by Arthur de Gobineau, a French aristocrat, diplomat and writer. The book argues that race is the primary determinant of culture and civilization. Gobineau divides humanity into three major races: white, yellow, and black, attributing specific characteristics to each. The book posits that the white race, particularly the Aryan branch, is superior, and that racial mixing leads to societal decline.

Published in the mid-19th century, Gobineau's work had a profound impact on racial theories and ideologies. Though widely criticized for its pseudoscientific claims and promotion of racial hierarchy, Inégalité des races humaines remains a significant and controversial text in the history of racial thought.

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