Together with a companion volume Great Economic Thinkers from Antiquity to the Historical School: Translations from the series Klassiker der Nationalökonomie, this book is a collection of English translations with introductions by Bertram Schefold. The emphasis of this volume is on the theoretical debates. This volume is an important contribution to the history of economic thought not only because it delivers original and fresh insights about well-known figures such as Marx, Stackelberg, Sraffa, Samuelson, Tooke, Hilferding, Schmoller and Chayanov, but also because it deals with authors and ideas who have been forgotten or neglected in previous literature.