The need for this guidance emerged from a series of four regional State Team-Building Workshops held on welfare reform and its relationship to substance abuse treatment. These workshops, sponsored by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment's (CSAT) Division of State and Community Assistance, were conducted from July through October 1997. They were attended by repre- sentatives of both substance abuse treatment and welfare systems within each participating State. These representatives identified a mutual goal at the workshops: namely, assisting shared clients in overcoming substance abuse issues which create barriers to the clients' ability to work. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWA) (Public Law 104-193) has challenged States to help their citi-zens leave welfare and become employed.