The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident exposed over 20 million people to radionuclides through the Dnieper River aquatic pathways. This book presents a 20-year historical overview and comprehensive study of how the aquatic environment was affected by this accident. It offers in-depth analysis of the many water quality management practices and countermeasures that were enacted during this time, discussing why some were successful, but many others failed. Coverage also incorporates a comprehensive discussion of the planned New Safe Confinement structure to cover the Chernobyl plant. This book will be of interest to engineers, scientists, decision-makers, and those involved in radiation protection. In addition, the detailed, almost day-to-day, emergency responses to the Chernobyl accident described in this book will also be useful to people developing emergency and long-term responses to accidental or intentional releases of radionuclides, toxic chemicals, and biological agents.