For centuries, communities have been founded or shaped based upon their access to natural resources and today, in our globalizing world, major natural resource developments are spreading to more remote areas. Mining operations are a good example: they have a profound impact on local communities and are often the first industry in a remote region. However, whereas an enormous amount has been written about the macroeconomic effects of the mining industry, there has been practically no in-depth analysis of the comprehensive effects of large mines on their host communities, especially in developing countries. In this book, researchers from Bolivia, Chile, and Peru present and analyze the environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic effects of large mining operations in their respective countries, as well as the processes that led to the observed effects. The book also presents a case study of the longest continually operating mine in the world, the Almad(r)n mercury mine in Spain, and an overview of the experience of mining communities in Canada, one of the most important mining countries of the 20th century. A synthesis chapter draws together recommendations for best practice, intended to provide guidance to communities, companies, and governments for future and ongoing mining and other natural resource developments. Interested readers will include individuals involved in local community development (including those in nongovernmental, bilateral, and multilateral agencies), mining company officials, staff of government mining and development agencies, and academics and researchers in economic, social, environmental, and natural resource issues.