Entering a confined space, such as a manhole, vault, storage tank, or pipeline is a regular part of the job for many water utility employees during construction, maintenance, repair, and inspections. Confined spaces can be dangerous, even deadly. Workers must follow specific, OSHA-required procedures to stay safe. Updated from the 1998 edition, this essential training DVD covers definitions of permit-required, non-permit, and alternative-procedure confined spaces, air-quality and fire/explosion hazards, mechanical and physical hazards, entry and exit hazards, oxygen content testing, communications, powering down equipment, ventilation, signs of contaminant exposure, protective equipment, tools and more.