Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive update on our understanding of the biological basis of and treatment strategies for addiction to psychoactive drugs, with an emphasis on opioids. Contributors examine the molecular targets of alcohol, cannabinoids, nicotine, stimulants, and opioids, the resulting changes to the neurocircuitry, and various genetic, environmental, developmental, and behavioral factors that influence the progression from abuse to addiction and susceptibility to relapse. Advances in animal models of addictive behavior and single-cell strategies to dissect neural circuits are also described.

In addition, the authors review compounds currently used or under development to treat substance use disorders, their pharmacological mechanisms, and challenges related to preclinical testing in animal models. This volume is an indispensable reference for all neuroscientists and those who are interested in understanding and reducing the public health burden of drug addiction.