Earth science is the systematic study of the Earth's physical composition and the dynamic processes occurring within its four spheres: the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. It also focuses on the examination of natural events such as earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, and floods. Key subfields of Earth science include physical geography, geology, soil science, geophysics, hydrology, and ecology. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of Earth science. It unfolds the innovative aspects of the field which will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.