This issue of Current Medicinal Chemistry presents reviews which explain different applications of bioinorganic chemistry spanning the effects of protein structure and function on different diseases, to the role of chelating agents for removing metal ions and toxic anions from the body. All the reviews presented in this volume take into account the medical implications of the main topic which they address. Contributions have been made by experts from several institutions around the world. Articles in this volume include: Structure, Function, Involvement in Diseases and Targeting of 14-3-3 Proteins: An Update Poly-Xaa Sequences in Proteins - Biological Role and Interactions with Metal Ions: Chemical and Medical Aspects Depleted Uranium and Human Health Tungsten or Wolfram: Friend or Foe? Gold - Old Drug with New Potentials The Battle for Iron between Humans and Microbes Hydroxypyridinone Derivatives: A Fascinating Class of Chelators with Therapeutic Applications Lanthanum Carbonate - A New Phosphate Binding Drug in Advanced Renal Failure Applications of Medicinal Bioinorganic Chemistry is essential reading for biochemists, toxicologists and pharmacologists studying the effects of certain metals in humans as well as their potential role in making therapeutic drugs.