The discipline of earth science has undergone rapid development in the recent past. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to the study of earth science. Some of the topics included in this text are upper mantle structure, lithosphere, sea-level indicators, etc. Comprising contributions of an eminent panel of internationally renowned scholars, this book is highly recommended for students pursuing geology, earth sciences and related fields of study. It will also prove to be a valuable reference material for research scholars and academicians.