Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are advantageous cell sources for disease remodeling and drug screening, particularly for regenerative medicine. State-of-the-art updates have highlighted the feasibility of hPSCs for the large-scale preparation of diverse kinds of stem cells and functional cells, such as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T cells (CAR-Ts). With the aid of preclinical investigations and clinical practice, hPSCs have been recognized as promising therapeutic cell sources with excellent properties for treating a variety of refractory and recurrent diseases. This book provides a comprehensive overview of advances in pluripotent stem cells.