This book addresses recent advances in the field of river systems. Chapters cover a wide range of topics including artificialization of rivers and banks, technical aspects of flood and sediment dynamics, physical processes and institutional vulnerabilities, watershed management and collaborative governance, water quality analysis and protection measures, acquisition and measurement of data, statistical and econometric procedures, adaptation and restoration measures, rehabilitation and sustainability of riparian ecosystems, and strategies to improve the ecological functions of riparian areas. All chapters contribute relevant information and useful content for scientists and other readers interested or concerned about the lack of adequate management actions and implementation of appropriate measures and protections, or their ineffectiveness in containing vulnerabilities and ecological sustainability of river systems.