This book has been prepared in the Amharic language to help students in Ethiopia understand the basic concepts and approaches that dominate the science of current Biology. The contents are divided into 13 chapters. The book starts by elaborating the nature of Biology and the scientific method to follow in studying life. Chapters two to nine address basic chemistry of life, organic compounds, the origin of the universe and life, cells (their organization and division), biological reactions and enzymes, cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Chapters 10 to 13 discuss modern concepts in Biology, namely DNA structure and function, RNA and protein synthesis, gene expression including gene regulation and Biotechnology. Besides demonstrating the far-reaching benefits of understanding modern biological concepts, this book vividly illustrates the power of the Amharic language in explaining and elaborating basic as well as complex scientific concepts.