The world struggles with the dual problem of feeding a growing global population and ensuring environmental protection. Yet, current agricultural techniques cannot guarantee food security and environmental safety. Hence, there is a need to explore the transformational potential of sustainable agriculture as a preferred alternative. This book analyses the roles of beneficial microbes, which are often considered the unsung heroes of agriculture, in revolutionizing food production and reducing the adverse impact of agriculture on the environment. Readers are guided through the complex web of interactions between plants and microbes while also being introduced to a wide range of microorganisms essential to these interactions. Furthermore, the book unravels the intricate methods by which these microbial allies promote nutrient absorption, strengthen plant defenses against pathogens, prevent nutrient runoff and improve stress tolerance while lowering the dependency on synthetic chemical use. It also makes a compelling case for continued research and innovation in this field as we strive to harness the full potential of microbial allies to shape the future of agriculture.