Infrastructure projects are the backbone of a thriving society, but cost overruns are a persistent headache. Uncertainty surrounding factors like material availability, labor costs, and unforeseen ground conditions can lead to significant budget shortfalls. This article explores strategies to reduce this uncertainty and improve cost estimates. One key approach is proactive risk management. By identifying potential challenges early and developing mitigation plans, surprises are minimized. Additionally, leveraging historical data and industry benchmarks for similar projects provides a more realistic cost foundation. Advanced techniques like Monte Carlo simulations can also be employed. These simulations factor in the probability of various cost drivers, resulting in a range of potential outcomes rather than a single, overly optimistic number. By embracing these strategies, stakeholders gain a clearer picture of potential costs, allowing for informed decision-making throughout the project lifecycle. This not only improves project success rates but also fosters trust and transparency between public and private partners.