In this book the Phytochemical investigations of henna leaves have been carried out. Tannin, non-tannin, total soluble, total solid, insoluble, moisture, pH and color of dried powder of henna leaves were determined.The lawsone, the principal colouring matter of henna was identified.The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of henna leaves against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria were investigated.The investigation to produce upper leathers using a new eco-benign combination tanning process based on henna has been studied. Henna as alternative retanning agent for mimosa using wet blue has been studied. The henna extract has been used as an alternative natural material for the dyeing of leather.