Materials science is an interdisciplinary research field involving the various physical and chemical properties of matter and its applications to different areas of both science and technology. In recent years, there has been tremendous revolution of materials science research due to the great contribution of nanoscience & nanotechnology. This book includes some aspects of modern materials especially that of carbon nanomaterials like graphene, biosurfactants and microlens which are of relevance to industrial applications. The book is suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate courses. This book may also appeal to the modern researchers for synthesizing new materials.