This Reprint comprises all of the accepted articles published as part of the Special Issue "Mathematical Methods and Applications for Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision". The aim of this Special Issue was to publish recent theoretical and applied studies in computational intelligence and related fields, with a particular focus on computer vision. Our goal was to inspire researchers in this community to further their research in the field of artificial intelligence and computer vision while also encouraging the exploration of their valuable applications across various fields and disciplines. We hope that the included papers will stimulate further research and development in the domains of artificial intelligence and computer vision.