The market for clean energy and industrial catalysts can be categorized into three major sectors: chemicals, fuels, and environmental protection. The same classification can be used in the sections that aim to discuss new opportunities in catalytic technology. New catalytic discoveries have the ability to bring conceptual advances or molecular insights to catalytic processes wherever appropriate, thereby demonstrating the relationship between the synthesis, structure, and performance of catalytic systems. With this, kinetics and mechanisms are considered to comprise the central part of catalysis science, and their role in elucidating developed technologies cannot be ignored. This Special Issue aims to cover the most recent advances in the field of heterogeneous and homogeneous organocatalysis discoveries; catalytic processes; catalyst mechanisms; biocatalysis communities containing a balanced mix of fundamental technology-oriented liquid fuels; industrial emissions; clean environment; and experimental and computational catalysis.