The rising global population requires more food to satiate the growing dietary needs. Meanwhile, the aging population and declining agricultural labor have caused agricultural production costs to increase. Robots and automated machinery improved management and efficiency, increased productivity, and the sustainable development of the agricultural economy. Robotic machines represent a high level of application in agricultural automation based on a precise and resource-efficient approach to achieve higher efficiency and quality in agricultural production. With the recent improvements in artificial intelligence and precision farming, both are now widely employed in various agricultural applications. Agricultural robotic machines are closely related to agricultural production and have since grown in significance as a field of research. Due to the complex operation environment of agricultural production, ample sensitivity and control of agricultural robotic systems are especially difficult to achieve. The establishment of an agricultural robotic system which is in line with the requirements of open field farming and other desired characteristics can ensure expansibility, reliability, as well as flexibility. This Special Issue has collected 14 papers, all of which aim to explore the diverse methods for managing issues with robots and autonomous machines within the context of agricultural production.