Cancer remains one of the most pressing global public health challenges, with the number of new cases and deaths rising each year. As the global cancer burden continues to grow, so does the need for rigorous epidemiological research that elucidates patterns in incidence, mortality, prevalence, and survival across diverse populations and regions. This Special Issue, entitled Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology, brings together a collection of impactful studies that reflect the evolving landscape of cancer epidemiology worldwide. These contributions offer fresh perspectives on emerging cancer trends, showcase innovative methodologies including big data analytics, genomics, and machine learning and examine the role of environmental, lifestyle, and social determinants in shaping cancer outcomes. From investigations into population-level disparities to evaluations of prevention strategies, each study adds a critical piece to the global cancer puzzle. Collectively, this Special Issue aims to advance our understanding of cancer as a global health threat and inform the development of effective, population-level strategies for cancer prevention and control.