BERTRAND RUSSELL (1872-1970), a UK-born mathematician, philosopher, and Noble Prize-winner, is regarded as the founder of modern logic. Russell conceived with Alfred North Whitehead a mathematical system of logic based on an abstract analysis of thought. His fights for pacifism and conscientious objection lead him to several stints in prison and frequently interfered with his professional career; however, it also lead to the creation with Jean-Paul Sartre of the International Court against war crimes.