An optical network is considered as a communication system that utilizes light signals in order to transfer information and data between two or more points. It can cover from smallscale points such as computers in the offices up to the whole world. The internet-based traffic is significantly increasing every year and due to its dynamic shape, it needs a new and flexible type of infrastructure to respond to this demand. Nowadays, optical science is developed in many aspects such as transmission techniques by introducing new standards and protocols which provide data transferring along with the optical networks in an efficient manner. Some well-known approaches such as WDM and TDM are multiplexing standards that have the ability to respond to this capacity increasing demand. with employing SDN facilities enhance the flexibility in wavelength allocation and increase the backbone bandwidth to satisfy the quality of the service (QoS) and transmission(QoT) requirement. The aim of this research is to have an overview of the OSI model from the network layer towards the optical layer and control layer based on their applications.