Stroke has been a major medical and social problem for many years. According to the World Health Organization data, only half of patients with stroke survives and functional activities of body are capable. Cognitive disorders of various degrees occur in a significant number of patients who suffers from acute cerebrovascular accident and slow down the process of functional recovery, increase the risk of recurrent stroke and death. In the recovery period of a stroke, both regression and a significant increase in cognitive deficit are possible. The main aim of this monograph is to develop and improve differential diagnostic criteria, rehabilitation and recovery measures for patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The monograph is intended for general practitioners, neurologists, pathophysiologists, masters, clinical residents and students of medical institutes.