Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease known to affect the central nervous system (CNS), producing demyelination of the axons of neurons, thus altering the normal functioning of nerve transmission. It is considered the main cause of neurological disability in both adults and young people. Its clinical course is unpredictable and its diagnosis is made on the basis of the clinical picture, which usually consists of acute neurological outbreaks that may later remit and in other cases may be progressive until death occurs. Based on this, different types of multiple sclerosis are defined and distinguished. To date, no cure has been found and it remains a challenge for physicians and researchers. In order to achieve a differential diagnosis, the McDonald criteria are used, from the appearance and development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques as a new means of diagnosis. In this literature review we will analyze the synthesis and development of the drugs most commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.