Senegal, a major groundnut producer, is facing increasing dependence on imported vegetable oils. In a context of food security, sunflower is emerging as a strategic crop to diversify local oil sources. This book explores in depth the effect of organo-mineral fertilization on sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) cultivation in the south-central groundnut basin, an area particularly hard hit by land degradation and declining rainfall.Through a study carried out at the experimental station of the Institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles (ISRA) located in Nioro du Rip, the author analyzes the different fertilization plans and their impacts on the growth, yield and components of this oilseed plant. This work offers viable solutions for improving agricultural productivity while ensuring sustainable soil management. It is intended as an essential contribution to Senegal's efforts to achieve food self-sufficiency, while meeting the challenges of climate change.