This book offers a comparative study of the mechanisms of blood pressure regulation in humans and macaques, highlighting their physiological and anatomical differences. It explores hormonal systems, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as the interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in the control of blood pressure. The impact of diet, stress and physical activity on cardiovascular health is also examined, highlighting the role of macaques as models for the study of human hypertension. Finally, implications for future and translational research, aimed at improving clinical interventions and prevention strategies in cardiovascular health, are discussed.