Black sand, formed through volcanic activity and erosion, is composed of valuable minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite, and garnet, playing a crucial role in industries like steel production, aerospace, and renewable energy. However, its extraction raises significant environmental, social, and economic concerns, particularly in coastal and riverine ecosystems. The disruption of ecosystems, water pollution, and biodiversity loss highlight the need for sustainable mining practices, advanced technologies, and environmental management. socially, black sand mining can lead to displacement, loss of livelihoods, and unequal benefits, underscoring the importance of equitable practices, community engagement, and fair compensation. Culturally, black sand has deep historical significance, inspiring art and tourism, which calls for the conservation of beaches and responsible tourism.Scientific advances in geology and materials science are enhancing mining practices, while the focus on sustainability and innovation presents opportunities for cleaner, more efficient operations.