Air pollution has emerged as a major environmental and public health crisis, severely affecting human health and quality of life. Urban air quality continues to deteriorate primarily due to vehicular emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, and biomass burning. In India, the situation is especially critical, with 39 of the world's 50 most polluted cities located in the country, and air pollution contributing to over 1.6 million premature deaths annually. Vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly face elevated health risks, including respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and strokes. It is vital to develop systems capable of identifying specific pollutants and their respective health impacts to implement more targeted and effective health interventions. The researchers dealing with air pollution, environmental sustainability, and climate change in their academic and research pursuits, socio-economists, and non-government agencies could benefit from this book.