Statistics, as a field of study, is no longer confined to academic circles or specialized research domains. It has evolved into a foundational discipline that intersects with every facet of modern life from policy formulation and business decision making to public health, technology, and everyday reasoning. The demand for clarity, conceptual depth, and real-world relevance in the teaching of statistics has never been greater.This book is particularly tailored for undergraduate students in statistics and allied disciplines, including economics, commerce, data science, and social sciences. It is equally useful for aspirants of competitive examinations where statistical reasoning forms a core component.