This book aims to provide the readers with the most recent development of new and advanced materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, sol-gel films, self-assembly layers in presence of surface active agents, nano-particles, and conducting polymers in the surface structuring for sensing applications. The chapters of this book present the usage of robust, small, sensitive and reliable sensors that take advantage of the growing interest in nano-structures. Different chemical species are taken as good example of the determination of different chemical substances industrially, medically and environmentally. A separate chapter in this book will be devoted to molecular recognition using surface templating. This book will find a large audience of specialists and scientists or engineers working in the area of sensors and its technological applications. It will also be useful for researchers working in the field of electrochemical and biosensors since.