Every day, people and businesses make choices that involve risks, often without realising it. From taking public transport to buying groceries or choosing a home, these decisions affect our health, safety and the environment. Governments play a key role in protecting people by setting rules and standards to ensure that products and services are safe and reliable. But they don't work alone: a wide range of organisations-public and private-help make this possible. Together, they form what is called a quality infrastructure (QI) system. They set standards, ensure accurate measurement, check that products and services meet those standards and monitor the market. QI systems help governments achieve public policy goals, strengthen consumer protection and build trust in the economy. They also enable international trade, as countries work together to align rules and recognise each other's standards and certifications. This report explores how regulation and QI work together, and how governments can better co-ordinate them to meet today's global challenges, from environmental governance to digitalisation. It includes practical guidance to help governments strengthen their QI systems and design smarter, more effective regulation.