Pricing Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2024: Gearing Up to Bring Emissions Down tracks how explicit carbon pricing instruments as well as specific taxes and subsidies on energy use have evolved between 2021 and 2023 across 79 countries, covering approximately 82% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This report focuses on emissions trading systems, carbon taxes, fuel and electricity excise taxes, as well as subsidies that lower prices on emissions or energy products. The tax rates for this edition reflect rates applicable on 1 April 2023 while emissions trading schemes implemented throughout 2023 are also included.