For the first time, the OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030 project conducted comprehensive curriculum analyses through the co-creation of new knowledge with a wide range of stakeholders including policy makers, academic experts, school leaders, teachers, NGOs, social partners and, most importantly, students. This report is one of six in a series presenting the first-ever comparative data on curriculum at the content level. It summarises existing literature, explores trends in curriculum adaptation, addresses challenges and strategies for effective implementation and offers policy insights drawn from real-world experiences of curriculum reforms.