Artificial intelligence (AI) could help to address sluggish productivity growth in OECD countries. This book provides evidence for policymakers, business leaders, and researchers to help understand the adoption of AI in enterprises and the policies needed to enable this. The core analysis draws on a new policy-oriented survey of AI in enterprises across the Group of Seven (G7) countries and Brazil, complemented by interviews with business representatives. The book offers a comprehensive examination of barriers to the use of AI and examines actionable solutions, including in the areas of training and education, qualification frameworks, public-private research partnerships, and public data. Also examined is the work of public institutions that seek to facilitate the diffusion of digital technologies, including AI. Further, this book highlights the need for better policy evaluation, greater international comparability in surveys of AI, and studies of generative AI in business (widespread interest in which began after this survey).