This report provides an analysis of spatial planning and development frameworks in Israel, focusing on Israel's governance system and development patterns. The report analyses spatial development outcomes, land use patterns, population concentration, and socioeconomic distributions across different communities. Building on this analysis, the report provides strategic policy recommendations for enhancing spatial development effectiveness, including establishing legally binding national spatial priorities, separating development and regulatory functions, expanding local government autonomy, and strengthening inter-municipal cooperation through regional entities to achieve more coordinated, sustainable, and equitable spatial development outcomes.