The indispensable role of food and drink to satisfy hunger, thirst and satiety besides carrying on daily activities came to the knowledge of man since he set foot on the planet. Calling critical attention to this area gave birth to the science of nutrition and prophylactic properties of the victuals to ward off maladies of various types. In order to bring forward pertinent features of the ever-increasing area in the science of human nutrition, the present monograph has been attempted with emphasis on biochemical aspects and incorporation of nutritional status of various food-stuffs. The science of dietetics which is inseparable with nutrition remains to be the subsequent part of the monograph that has delved into diets of various types formulated by food scientists across the world and their health giving attributes.