This book has 64 indepth chapters dealing with one of the most crying needs of modern society. Now-a-days biotechnology is playing a key role in prevention and control of pollution at low cost, recycling of wastes and application of natural methods for waste treatment and environmental management for sustainable development. Emphasis on environmental biotechnology for substitution on non-renewable with renewable has become the demand of time. Therefore, promotion of environmentally sound biotechnology is urgently required to save the biosphere from the demon of ecodegradation and at this juncture, this book will also be helpful in paving the path of ecosocialism in the developing countries like India. This book is a unique compilation of 64 research articles, which must be useful to the students pursuing advanced and specialized courses, academicians, researchers, scientists, administrators, industrialists, environmental lawyers, rural technologists and the interested people in general.