This book presents select proceedings of 4th Biennial International Conference on Future Learning Aspects for Mechanical Engineering (FLAME 2024). It covers the fluid and thermal engineering areas such as heat transfer enhancement and heat transfer equipment, heat transfer in nuclear applications, microscale and nanoscale transport, multiphase transport and phase change, multi-mode heat transfer, numerical methods in fluid mechanics and heat transfer, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermodynamics, space heat transfer, transport phenomena in porous media, turbulent transport, theoretical fluid dynamics, experimental fluid dynamics, computational fluid dynamics, turbomachinery and fluid power, etc. This book is a useful reference guide for researchers and professionals in thermal and fluid engineering.